1.2 Self-Introduction (Basic) 自我介绍（基础）
Part 1: Common Dialogues 常见对话
Dialogue 1: Where Are You From? 对话一：你是哪国人？
Scene 场景：New classmates getting to know each other 新同学互相认识
| A | 你好！你是哪国人？ Hello! Where are you from? (Lit: you good! you are which country person?) |
| B | 我是美国人。你呢？ I'm American. And you? (Lit: I am America person. you?) |
| A | 我是中国人。 I'm Chinese. (Lit: I am China person) |
| B | 你是北京人吗？ Are you from Beijing? (Lit: you are Beijing person?) |
| A | 不是，我是上海人。 No, I'm from Shanghai. (Lit: not am, I am Shanghai person) |
Dialogue 2: What Do You Do? 对话二：你做什么工作？
Scene 场景：Meeting someone at a social event 社交活动上认识新朋友
| A | 你是学生还是老师？ Are you a student or a teacher? (Lit: you are student or teacher?) |
| B | 我是学生。你呢？ I'm a student. And you? (Lit: I am student. you?) |
| A | 我是老师，我教英语。 I'm a teacher, I teach English. (Lit: I am teacher, I teach English) |
| B | 太好了！你在哪儿工作？ Great! Where do you work? (Lit: too good! you at where work?) |
| A | 我在北京大学工作。 I work at Peking University. (Lit: I at Beijing University work) |
Dialogue 3: Introducing Family 对话三：介绍家人
Scene 场景：Talking about family with a friend 和朋友聊家人
| A | 你家有几口人？ How many people are in your family? (Lit: your home have how-many mouth person?) |
| B | 我家有四口人。 There are four people in my family. (Lit: my home have four mouth person) |
| A | 都有谁？ Who are they? (Lit: all have who?) |
| B | 爸爸、妈妈、我和妹妹。 Dad, Mom, me, and my younger sister. (Lit: dad, mom, I and younger-sister) |
| A | 你妹妹多大了？ How old is your younger sister? (Lit: your younger-sister how big?) |
| B | 她今年十五岁。 She's 15 years old this year. (Lit: she this-year fifteen years-old) |
Dialogue 4: Complete Self-Introduction 对话四：完整的自我介绍
Scene 场景：Introducing yourself in a class 在课堂上自我介绍
| A | 请自我介绍一下。 Please introduce yourself. (Lit: please self introduce a-bit) |
| B | 大家好！我叫王明。 Hello everyone! My name is Wang Ming. (Lit: everyone good! I called Wang Ming) |
| B | 我是中国人，我来自上海。 I'm Chinese, I'm from Shanghai. (Lit: I am China person, I come-from Shanghai) |
| B | 我今年二十岁，是大学生。 I'm 20 years old, I'm a university student. (Lit: I this-year twenty years-old, am university-student) |
| B | 我家有三口人。 There are three people in my family. (Lit: my home have three mouth person) |
| B | 谢谢大家！ Thank you everyone! (Lit: thank everyone) |
Part 2: Useful Expressions 常用句子
Nationality 国籍
- 我是...人 I'm from... / I'm [nationality] (Lit: I am...person)
- 你是哪国人？ Where are you from? (Lit: you are which country person?)
- 我来自... I come from... (Lit: I come-from...)
Common Countries 常见国家
- 中国 China
- 美国 USA
- 英国 UK
- 法国 France
- 德国 Germany
- 日本 Japan
- 韩国 South Korea
- 澳大利亚 Australia
- 加拿大 Canada
Occupation 职业
- 我是学生 I'm a student (Lit: I am student)
- 我是老师 I'm a teacher (Lit: I am teacher)
- 我是医生 I'm a doctor (Lit: I am doctor)
- 我在...工作 I work at... (Lit: I at...work)
Common Occupations 常见职业
- 学生 student
- 老师 teacher
- 医生 doctor
- 工程师 engineer
- 律师 lawyer
- 商人 businessman/woman
- 公司职员 company employee
- 司机 driver
- 厨师 chef
- 服务员 waiter/waitress
Family Members 家庭成员
- 爸爸 dad
- 妈妈 mom
- 哥哥 older brother
- 姐姐 older sister
- 弟弟 younger brother
- 妹妹 younger sister
- 爷爷 grandpa (paternal)
- 奶奶 grandma (paternal)
- 外公 grandpa (maternal)
- 外婆 grandma (maternal)
- 我家有...口人 There are...people in my family (Lit: my home have...mouth person)
Part 3: Key Sentence Patterns 核心句型
★ 我是 + [国家] + 人
Usage: Expressing nationality (表达国籍)
Example: 我是美国人。 (Wǒ shì Měiguó rén.)
I'm American.
(Lit: I am America person)
Example: 我是美国人。 (Wǒ shì Měiguó rén.)
I'm American.
(Lit: I am America person)
★ 我来自 + [地方]
Usage: Expressing where you're from (表达来自哪里)
Example: 我来自北京。 (Wǒ láizì Běijīng.)
I'm from Beijing.
(Lit: I come-from Beijing)
Example: 我来自北京。 (Wǒ láizì Běijīng.)
I'm from Beijing.
(Lit: I come-from Beijing)
★ 我是 + [职业]
Usage: Expressing occupation (表达职业身份)
Example: 我是学生。 (Wǒ shì xuésheng.)
I'm a student.
(Lit: I am student)
Example: 我是学生。 (Wǒ shì xuésheng.)
I'm a student.
(Lit: I am student)
★ A还是B？
Usage: Asking a question with choices (提供选择的问句)
Example: 你是学生还是老师？ (Nǐ shì xuésheng háishi lǎoshī?)
Are you a student or a teacher?
(Lit: you are student or teacher?)
Example: 你是学生还是老师？ (Nǐ shì xuésheng háishi lǎoshī?)
Are you a student or a teacher?
(Lit: you are student or teacher?)
★ 我在 + [地方] + 工作
Usage: Expressing workplace (表达工作地点)
Example: 我在医院工作。 (Wǒ zài yīyuàn gōngzuò.)
I work at a hospital.
(Lit: I at hospital work)
Example: 我在医院工作。 (Wǒ zài yīyuàn gōngzuò.)
I work at a hospital.
(Lit: I at hospital work)
★ 我家有...口人
Usage: Describing family size (描述家庭人数)
Example: 我家有五口人。 (Wǒ jiā yǒu wǔ kǒu rén.)
There are 5 people in my family.
(Lit: my home have five mouth person)
Example: 我家有五口人。 (Wǒ jiā yǒu wǔ kǒu rén.)
There are 5 people in my family.
(Lit: my home have five mouth person)
★ 我今年...岁
Usage: Expressing age (表达年龄)
Example: 我今年二十岁。 (Wǒ jīnnián èrshí suì.)
I'm 20 years old.
(Lit: I this-year twenty years-old)
Example: 我今年二十岁。 (Wǒ jīnnián èrshí suì.)
I'm 20 years old.
(Lit: I this-year twenty years-old)
★ 我有一个 + [家庭成员]
Usage: Describing family relationships (描述家庭成员关系)
Example: 我有一个哥哥。 (Wǒ yǒu yī gè gēge.)
I have an older brother.
(Lit: I have one [measure word] older brother)
Example: 我有一个哥哥。 (Wǒ yǒu yī gè gēge.)
I have an older brother.
(Lit: I have one [measure word] older brother)
★ ...多大了？
Usage: Asking about age (询问年龄)
Example: 你弟弟多大了？ (Nǐ dìdi duō dà le?)
How old is your younger brother?
(Lit: your younger-brother how big?)
Example: 你弟弟多大了？ (Nǐ dìdi duō dà le?)
How old is your younger brother?
(Lit: your younger-brother how big?)
Part 4: Cultural Tips 文化小贴士
-
Measure word "口" for family (家庭量词"口")
When counting family members, Chinese traditionally uses the measure word "口" (kǒu, mouth) instead of "个" (gè). This reflects the traditional idea of "mouths to feed." However, in casual spoken Chinese, some people also use "个": 我家有四个人 (Wǒ jiā yǒu sì gè rén, There are 4 people in my family. Lit: my home have four [measure word] person).
数家庭成员时，中文传统上用量词"口"而不是"个"。这反映了传统的"吃饭的嘴"的概念。但在口语中，也有人用"个"：我家有四个人。 -
Age in Chinese culture (中国文化中的年龄)
In Chinese culture, asking someone's age is generally acceptable and not considered rude, especially among acquaintances. However, it's best to avoid asking older women directly. Example: 你今年多大了？(Nǐ jīnnián duō dà le? How old are you this year? Lit: you this-year how big?)
在中国文化中，询问年龄通常是可以接受的，不算失礼，特别是在熟人之间。但最好避免直接问年纪较大的女性。 -
No article before occupations (职业前不加冠词)
Unlike English ("I'm A teacher"), Chinese doesn't use articles. Simply say 我是老师 (Wǒ shì lǎoshī, I'm a teacher. Lit: I am teacher), not "我是一个老师". This applies to all occupations: 我是医生 (Wǒ shì yīshēng, I'm a doctor. Lit: I am doctor).
与英语不同（"I'm A teacher"），中文不用冠词。直接说"我是老师"，不说"我是一个老师"。所有职业都是如此：我是医生。 -
Country names (国家名称)
Chinese country names follow different patterns: (1) Many end with "国" (guó, country): 美国 (Měiguó, USA. Lit: beautiful country), 英国 (Yīngguó, UK. Lit: heroic country), 法国 (Fǎguó, France. Lit: law country). (2) Some are phonetic translations (transliterations): 澳大利亚 (Àodàlìyà, Australia), 加拿大 (Jiānádà, Canada), 意大利 (Yìdàlì, Italy). (3) Others have unique forms: 日本 (Rìběn, Japan. Lit: sun origin).
中文国家名称有不同的构成方式：(1) 很多以"国"结尾：美国、英国、法国。(2) 有些是音译：澳大利亚、加拿大、意大利。(3) 还有些有独特形式：日本。 -
Family hierarchy (家庭称呼的等级)
Chinese distinguishes between older and younger siblings: 哥哥 (gēge, older brother) / 弟弟 (dìdi, younger brother), 姐姐 (jiějie, older sister) / 妹妹 (mèimei, younger sister). It also distinguishes between paternal and maternal grandparents: 爷爷 (yéye, grandpa - father's side) / 外公 (wàigōng, grandpa - mother's side), 奶奶 (nǎinai, grandma - father's side) / 外婆 (wàipó, grandma - mother's side). This reflects the importance of family hierarchy in Chinese culture.
中文区分兄弟姐妹的年龄（哥哥/弟弟，姐姐/妹妹），也区分父系和母系的祖父母（爷爷/外公，奶奶/外婆）。这反映了家庭等级在中国文化中的重要性。
Part 5: Casual Alternatives 口语替代表达
In everyday speech, Chinese people often use more casual expressions: 在日常口语中，中国人经常使用更随意的表达方式：
| Standard 标准 | Casual 口语 | Context 使用场景 |
|---|---|---|
| 你是哪国人？ Where are you from? (Lit: you are which country person?) | 你哪儿的？ Where are you from? (Lit: you where?) |
Between friends, very casual 朋友之间，非常随意 |
| 你做什么工作？ What do you do? (Lit: you do what work?) | 你干嘛的？/ 你是干啥的？ What do you do? (Lit: you do-what? / you are do what?) |
Among acquaintances, colloquial 熟人之间，口语化 |
| 你今年多大了？ How old are you? (Lit: you this-year how big?) | 你多大？/ 你几岁？ How old are you? (Lit: you how big? / you how-many years-old?) |
Daily conversation, simplified 日常对话，简化表达 |
| 我来自北京 I come from Beijing (Lit: I come-from Beijing) | 我北京的 / 我是北京人 I'm from Beijing (Lit: I Beijing's / I am Beijing person) |
More colloquial, more concise 更口语化，更简洁 |
| 我的职业是老师 My occupation is teacher (Lit: my occupation is teacher) | 我教书的 / 我当老师 I'm a teacher / I teach (Lit: I teach-book / I work-as teacher) |
More natural in spoken Chinese 口语中更自然 |
Tip 小提示："几岁" (jǐ suì) is typically used for children under 10, while "多大" (duō dà) is more general. For elderly people, you can use "多大年纪" (duō dà niánjì) to show respect.
"几岁"通常用于10岁以下的小孩，而"多大"更通用。对于老年人，可以用"多大年纪"来表示尊重。
"几岁"通常用于10岁以下的小孩，而"多大"更通用。对于老年人，可以用"多大年纪"来表示尊重。
Part 6: Practice 练习
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks 填空题
Complete the sentences with the correct words. 用正确的词语完成句子。
A: 你是哪国人？(Nǐ shì nǎ guó rén?)
B: 我中国人，我上海。(Wǒ______Zhōngguó rén, wǒ______Shànghǎi.)
A: 你是学生老师？(Nǐ shì xuésheng______lǎoshī?)
B: 我是学生。(Wǒ shì xuésheng.)
A: 你家有几口人？(Nǐ jiā yǒu jǐ kǒu rén?)
B: 我家四口人。(Wǒ jiā______sì kǒu rén.)
A: 你妹妹了？(Nǐ mèimei______le?)
B: 她今年十。(Tā jīnnián shí______.)
Exercise 2: Matching 配对题
Match the questions with the appropriate answers. 将问题与合适的回答配对。
1. 你是哪国人？
2. 你家有几口人？
3. 你是做什么的？
4. 你弟弟多大了？
Exercise 3: Role Play 角色扮演
🎭 Scenario A: You're a new student in a Chinese class. Introduce yourself including: your name, nationality, and what you do.
🎭 Scenario B: Someone asks about your family. Tell them how many people are in your family and who they are.
🎭 Scenario C: You're at an event and need to introduce yourself. Include: your name, where you're from, your occupation, where you work, and your family situation.
Reference Answers (Exercise 3)
Scenario A:
大家好！我叫___。我是美国人。我是学生。
Hello everyone! My name is___. I'm American. I'm a student.
Scenario B:
我家有四口人：爸爸、妈妈、我和弟弟。
There are 4 people in my family: dad, mom, me, and my younger brother.
Scenario C:
大家好！我叫___。我是英国人，我来自伦敦。我是老师，我在一所大学工作。我家有四口人：爸爸、妈妈、我和弟弟。谢谢！
Hello everyone! My name is___. I'm British, I'm from London. I'm a teacher, I work at a university. There are 4 people in my family: dad, mom, me, and my younger brother. Thank you!
