1. 基础动作 Basic Actions
站
zhàn
to stand
大家都站起来欢迎新同学。
Dàjiā dōu zhàn qǐlái huānyíng xīn tóngxué.
Everyone stood up to welcome the new student.
(大家(Everyone) + 都(all) + 站(stand) + 起来(up) + 欢迎(welcome) + 新(new) + 同学(classmate))
他在门口站了半天，等朋友出来。
Tā zài ménkǒu zhànle bàntiān, děng péngyǒu chūlái.
He stood at the door for a long time, waiting for his friend to come out.
(他(He) + 在(at) + 门口(doorway) + 站(stand) + 了(particle) + 半天(half a day) + 等(wait for) + 朋友(friend) + 出来(come out))
别光站着看，过来帮帮忙。
Bié guāng zhànzhe kàn, guòlái bāngbāngmáng.
Don't just stand there watching, come over and help.
(别(Don't) + 光(just) + 站(stand) + 着(particle) + 看(look) + 过来(come over) + 帮帮忙(help))
坐
zuò
to sit
我们坐在咖啡馆里聊了一个下午。
Wǒmen zuò zài kāfēiguǎn lǐ liáole yīgè xiàwǔ.
We sat in the cafe and chatted for an afternoon.
(我们(We) + 坐(sit) + 在(at) + 咖啡馆(coffee shop) + 里(inside) + 聊(chat) + 了(particle) + 一个(one) + 下午(afternoon))
请坐，我给您倒杯水。
Qǐng zuò, wǒ gěi nín dào bēi shuǐ.
Please sit down, I'll pour you a glass of water.
(请(Please) + 坐(sit) + 我(I) + 给(for) + 您(you) + 倒(pour) + 杯(cup) + 水(water))
地上太脏了，别坐在地上。
Dìshàng tài zàngle, bié zuò zài dìshàng.
The floor is too dirty, don't sit on the floor.
(地上(Floor) + 太(too) + 脏(dirty) + 了(particle) + 别(don't) + 坐(sit) + 在(at) + 地上(ground))
走
zǒu
to walk; to leave; to go
我们走去超市吧，不远。
Wǒmen zǒu qù chāoshì ba, bù yuǎn.
Let's walk to the supermarket, it's not far.
(我们(We) + 走(walk) + 去(to) + 超市(supermarket) + 吧(suggestion) + 不(not) + 远(far))
孩子刚学会走路，摇摇晃晃的。
Háizi gāng xuéhuì zǒulù, yáoyáohuànghuàng de.
The child just learned to walk and is waddling.
(孩子(Child) + 刚(just) + 学会(learned) + 走路(walk) + 摇摇晃晃(wobbling) + 的(particle))
他头也不回地走了。
Tā tóu yě bù huí de zǒule.
He left without looking back.
(他(He) + 头(head) + 也(also) + 不(not) + 回(turn) + 地(adverbial) + 走(leave) + 了(particle))
跑
pǎo
to run
快迟到了，我们得跑着去车站。
Kuài chídàole, wǒmen děi pǎozhe qù chēzhàn.
We're going to be late; we have to run to the station.
(快(Soon) + 迟到(late) + 了(particle) + 我们(we) + 得(must) + 跑(run) + 着(particle) + 去(to) + 车站(station))
小狗高兴地在草地上跑来跑去。
Xiǎogǒu gāoxìng de zài cǎodì shàng pǎo lái pǎo qù.
The puppy is happily running around on the grass.
(小狗(Puppy) + 高兴(happy) + 地(adverbial) + 在(on) + 草地(grass) + 上(top) + 跑(run) + 来(come) + 跑(run) + 去(go))
他每天早晨去公园跑步。
Tā měitiān zǎochén qù gōngyuán pǎobù.
He goes to the park to jog every morning.
(他(He) + 每天(every day) + 早晨(morning) + 去(go to) + 公园(park) + 跑步(run))
跳
tiào
to jump; to hop; to dance
孩子们高兴得又蹦又跳。
Háizimen gāoxìng dé yòu bèng yòu tiào.
The children were so happy they were jumping and hopping.
(孩子(Children) + 们(plural) + 高兴(happy) + 得(degree) + 又(both) + 蹦(hop) + 又(and) + 跳(jump))
他从石头上跳了下来。
Tā cóng shítou shàng tiàole xiàlái.
He jumped down from the rock.
(他(He) + 从(from) + 石头(rock) + 上(on) + 跳(jump) + 了(particle) + 下来(down))
我们一起跳个舞吧！
Wǒmen yīqǐ tiào gè wǔ ba!
Let's have a dance together!
(我们(We) + 一起(together) + 跳(jump) + 个(measure) + 舞(dance) + 吧(suggestion))
躺
tǎng
to lie down
我有点累，想躺一会儿。
Wǒ yǒudiǎn lèi, xiǎng tǎng yīhuǐ'er.
I'm a bit tired and want to lie down for a while.
(我(I) + 有点(a bit) + 累(tired) + 想(want) + 躺(lie down) + 一会儿(a while))
他喜欢躺在沙发上看电视。
Tā xǐhuān tǎng zài shāfā shàng kàn diànshì.
He likes lying on the sofa watching TV.
(他(He) + 喜欢(likes) + 躺(lie) + 在(at) + 沙发(sofa) + 上(on) + 看(watch) + 电视(TV))
草地上躺着晒太阳很舒服。
Cǎodì shàng tǎngzhe shài tàiyáng hěn shūfú.
It's very comfortable to lie on the grass and bask in the sun.
(草地(Grass) + 上(on) + 躺(lie) + 着(particle) + 晒(bask) + 太阳(sun) + 很(very) + 舒服(comfortable))
爬
pá
to climb; to crawl
小孩儿正在爬楼梯。
Xiǎoháir zhèngzài pá lóutī.
The child is climbing the stairs.
(小孩儿(Child) + 正在(currently) + 爬(climb) + 楼梯(stairs))
周末我们去爬山吧！
Zhōumò wǒmen qù páshān ba!
Let's go mountain climbing this weekend!
(周末(Weekend) + 我们(we) + 去(go) + 爬山(climb mountain) + 吧(suggestion))
一只小猫爬到了树上。
Yī zhī xiǎomāo pá dàole shù shàng.
A kitten climbed up the tree.
(一只(One) + 小猫(kitten) + 爬(climb) + 到(to) + 了(particle) + 树(tree) + 上(on))
飞
fēi
to fly
小鸟在天上飞。
Xiǎoniǎo zài tiānshàng fēi.
Little birds are flying in the sky.
(小鸟(Little bird) + 在(at) + 天上(sky) + 飞(fly))
飞机马上就要飞了。
Fēijī mǎshàng jiù yào fēile.
The plane is about to take off.
(飞机(Airplane) + 马上(immediately) + 就要(about to) + 飞(fly) + 了(particle))
时间过得真快，像在飞一样。
Shíjiān guò dé zhēn kuài, xiàng zài fēi yīyàng.
Time passes so fast, it feels like it's flying.
(时间(Time) + 过(pass) + 得(degree) + 真(really) + 快(fast) + 像(like) + 在(at) + 飞(fly) + 一样(same))
蹲
dūn
to squat; to crouch
他蹲在地上系鞋带。
Tā dūn zài dìshàng jì xiédài.
He squatted on the ground to tie his shoelaces.
(他(He) + 蹲(squat) + 在(at) + 地上(ground) + 系(tie) + 鞋带(shoelaces))
爷爷喜欢蹲在门口晒太阳。
Yéye xǐhuān dūn zài ménkǒu shài tàiyáng.
Grandpa likes to squat by the door to soak up the sun.
(爷爷(Grandpa) + 喜欢(likes) + 蹲(squat) + 在(at) + 门口(doorway) + 晒(bask) + 太阳(sun))
拍照时，她蹲下来和孩子一样高。
Pāizhào shí, tā dūn xiàlái hé háizi yīyàng gāo.
When taking a photo, she squatted down to be the same height as the child.
(拍照(Take photo) + 时(time) + 她(she) + 蹲(squat) + 下来(down) + 和(with) + 孩子(child) + 一样(same) + 高(tall))
跪
guì
to kneel
他跪下来向女朋友求婚。
Tā guì xiàlái xiàng nǚ péngyǒu qiúhūn.
He knelt down to propose to his girlfriend.
(他(He) + 跪(kneel) + 下来(down) + 向(towards) + 女朋友(girlfriend) + 求婚(propose))
他吓得跪在了地上。
Tā xià dé guì zàile dìshàng.
He was so scared that he knelt on the ground.
(他(He) + 吓(scare) + 得(degree) + 跪(kneel) + 在(at) + 了(particle) + 地上(ground))
起
qǐ
to rise; to get up; to name
每天早上七点起床。
Měitiān zǎoshang qī diǎn qǐchuáng.
I get out of bed at seven o'clock every morning.
(每天(Every day) + 早上(morning) + 七(seven) + 点(o'clock) + 起床(get up))
他刚起身要走，电话就响了。
Tā gāng qǐshēn yào zǒu, diànhuà jiù xiǎngle.
Just as he stood up to leave, the phone rang.
(他(He) + 刚(just) + 起身(stand up) + 要(want) + 走(leave) + 电话(phone) + 就(then) + 响(ring) + 了(particle))
你的名字是谁起的？
Nǐ de míngzì shì shéi qǐ de?
Who gave you your name?
(你(You) + 的(possessive) + 名字(name) + 是(is) + 谁(who) + 起(give name) + 的(particle))
转
zhuǎn
to turn; to revolve
他转过身来看着我。
Tā zhuǎnguò shēn lái kànzhe wǒ.
He turned around and looked at me.
(他(He) + 转过(turn) + 身(body) + 来(come) + 看着(looking at) + 我(me))
汽车在这里向左转。
Qìchē zài zhèlǐ xiàng zuǒ zhuǎn.
The car turns left here.
(汽车(Car) + 在(at) + 这里(here) + 向(towards) + 左(left) + 转(turn))
这个话题我们下次再讨论，转回正题吧。
Zhège huàtí wǒmen xià cì zài tǎolùn, zhuǎnhuí zhèngtí ba.
Let's discuss this topic next time and turn back to the main subject.
(这个(This) + 话题(topic) + 我们(we) + 下次(next time) + 再(again) + 讨论(discuss) + 转回(turn back) + 正题(main subject) + 吧(suggestion))
弯
wān
to bend; to curve
他弯下腰捡起了地上的笔。
Tā wān xià yāo jiǎn qǐle dìshàng de bǐ.
He bent down and picked up the pen on the ground.
(他(He) + 弯(bend) + 下(down) + 腰(waist) + 捡(pick up) + 起(up) + 了(particle) + 地上(ground) + 的(possessive) + 笔(pen))
这条路不直，前面向左弯了一下。
Zhè tiáo lù bù zhí, qiánmiàn xiàng zuǒ wānle yīxià.
This road is not straight; it curves to the left ahead.
(这(This) + 条(measure) + 路(road) + 不(not) + 直(straight) + 前面(ahead) + 向(towards) + 左(left) + 弯(curve) + 了(particle) + 一下(a bit))
年纪大了，腰不太好，弯下去有点困难。
Niánjì dàle, yāo bù tài hǎo, wān xiàqù yǒudiǎn kùnnán.
As one gets older, the back isn't as good and it's a bit difficult to bend down.
(年纪(Age) + 大(old) + 了(particle) + 腰(back) + 不(not) + 太(very) + 好(good) + 弯(bend) + 下去(down) + 有点(a bit) + 困难(difficulty))
趴
pā
to lie on one's stomach; to lean over
他太累了，一回家就趴在了床上。
Tā tài lèile, yī huí jiā jiù pā zàile chuángshàng.
He was so tired that he flopped onto the bed as soon as he got home.
(他(He) + 太(too) + 累(tired) + 了(particle) + 一(as soon as) + 回家(return home) + 就(then) + 趴(lie on stomach) + 在(at) + 了(particle) + 床上(bed))
小狗趴在门口等主人。
Xiǎogǒu pā zài ménkǒu děng zhǔrén.
The puppy is lying at the door waiting for its owner.
(小狗(Puppy) + 趴(lie flat) + 在(at) + 门口(doorway) + 等(wait for) + 主人(owner))
孩子趴在桌子上睡着了。
Háizi pā zài zhuōzi shàng shuìzháole.
The child fell asleep leaning on the table.
(孩子(Child) + 趴(lean over) + 在(at) + 桌子(table) + 上(on) + 睡着(fall asleep) + 了(particle))
伸
shēn
to stretch; to extend
睡醒了，伸个懒腰。
Shuì xǐngle, shēn gè lǎnyāo.
Woke up and had a stretch.
(睡(Sleep) + 醒(wake) + 了(particle) + 伸(stretch) + 个(measure) + 懒腰(lazy waist/stretch))
他把手伸进口袋里找钥匙。
Tā bǎshǒu shēn jìn kǒudài lǐ zhǎo yàoshi.
He reached his hand into his pocket to look for keys.
(他(He) + 把(particle) + 手(hand) + 伸(stretch/reach) + 进(into) + 口袋(pocket) + 里(inside) + 找(look for) + 钥匙(key))
停
tíng
to stop; to park
车在前面停一下，我买个东西.
Chē zài qiánmiàn tíng yīxià, wǒ mǎi gè dōngxī.
Stop the car ahead for a moment; I'm going to buy something.
(车(Car) + 在(at) + 前面(ahead) + 停(stop) + 一下(a bit) + 我(I) + 买(buy) + 个(measure) + 东西(thing))
雨终于停了。
Yǔ zhōngyú tíngle.
The rain finally stopped.
(雨(Rain) + 终于(finally) + 停(stop) + 了(particle))
他说话说到一半突然停住了。
Tā shuōhuà shuō dào yībàn túrán tíng zhùle.
He stopped suddenly in the middle of speaking.
(他(He) + 说话(speak) + 说(speak) + 到(to) + 一半(halfway) + 突然(suddenly) + 停(stop) + 住(firmly) + 了(particle))
倒
dǎo
to fall; to collapse; to tip over
路太滑，他不小心摔倒了。
Lù tài huá, tā bù xiǎoxīn shuāidǎo le.
The road was too slippery and he accidentally fell down.
(路(Road) + 太(too) + 滑(slippery) + 他(he) + 不(not) + 小心(careful) + 摔倒(fall down) + 了(particle))
听到坏消息，她差点晕倒。
Tīng dào huài xiāoxī, tā chàdiǎn yūndǎo.
Hearing the bad news, she almost fainted.
(听到(Hear) + 坏(bad) + 消息(news) + 她(she) + 差点(almost) + 晕倒(faint))
风太大，把那棵小树吹倒了。
Fēng tài dà, bǎ nà kē xiǎoshù chuī dǎole.
The wind was so strong it blew that little tree over.
(风(Wind) + 太(too) + 大(big) + 把(particle) + 那(that) + 棵(measure) + 小树(little tree) + 吹(blow) + 倒(fall) + 了(particle))
靠
kào
to lean against; to rely on
他累了，靠在墙上休息。
Tā lèile, kào zài qiángshàng xiūxí.
He was tired and leaned against the wall to rest.
(他(He) + 累(tired) + 了(particle) + 靠(lean) + 在(at) + 墙(wall) + 上(on) + 休息(rest))
学习不能只靠老师，自己也要努力。
Xuéxí bùnéng zhǐ kào lǎoshī, zìjǐ yě yào nǔlì.
Learning cannot rely only on teachers; you must also work hard yourself.
(学习(Learning) + 不能(cannot) + 只(only) + 靠(rely on) + 老师(teacher) + 自己(oneself) + 也(also) + 要(must) + 努力(effort))
我认得路，靠这张地图就行。
Wǒ rèndé lù, kào zhè zhāng dìtú jiù xíng.
I know the way; relying on this map will be fine.
(我(I) + 认得(recognize) + 路(road) + 靠(rely on) + 这(this) + 张(measure) + 地图(map) + 就(then) + 行(okay))
背
bēi / bèi
to carry on the back; to memorize
小学生都背着个大书包。
Xiǎoxuéshēng dōu bēizhe gè dà shūbāo.
Elementary students all carry big backpacks.
(小学生(Elementary student) + 都(all) + 背(carry) + 着(particle) + 个(measure) + 大(big) + 书包(backpack))
这篇课文需要背下来。
Zhè piān kèwén xūyào bèi xiàlái.
This text needs to be memorized.
(这(This) + 篇(measure) + 课文(text) + 需要(need) + 背(memorize) + 下来(result particle))
他背着我买了很多东西。
Tā bèizhe wǒ mǎile hěnduō dōngxī.
He bought many things behind my back.
(他(He) + 背(back) + 着(particle) + 我(me) + 买(buy) + 了(particle) + 很多(many) + 东西(things))
扭
niǔ
to twist; to sprain; to turn around
打篮球时不小心扭伤了脚踝。
Dǎ lánqiú shí bù xiǎoxīn niǔshāngle jiǎohuái.
I accidentally sprained my ankle while playing basketball.
(打(Play) + 篮球(basketball) + 时(time) + 不(not) + 小心(careful) + 扭伤(sprain) + 了(particle) + 脚踝(ankle))
帮我扭开这个瓶盖。
Bāng wǒ niǔ kāi zhège píng gài.
Help me twist open this bottle cap.
(帮(Help) + 我(me) + 扭(twist) + 开(open) + 这个(this) + 瓶盖(bottle cap))
他生气地扭头就走了。
Tā shēngqì de niǔtóu jiù zǒule.
He turned his head angrily and left.
(他(He) + 生气(angry) + 地(adverbial) + 扭(turn) + 头(head) + 就(then) + 走(leave) + 了(particle))
